Issue 4_The Export-Import Bank of China

News

Issue 4

China-Africa Digital Cooperation at a New Stage: Significance, Priorities and Approaches

Jiang Lu, Liu Chunwu

　　Digital cooperation is of great significance to both China and African countries in their long-term and overall development. On the one hand, China-Africa digital cooperation contributes to the growth of China’s digital economy; and on the other hand, it helps address problems confronting most of the African countries, such as the shortage of ICT infrastructure and talents as well as the insufficient ICT-enabled development. With a focus on the significance of digital cooperation, this article highlights priorities for China-Africa digital cooperation at a new stage, and proposes specific approaches to deepened China-Africa digital cooperation from the perspective of cooperation forms and entities as well as financing. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 3-6.
　　

Artificial Intelligence and Africa: Policies, Application and Outlook

Huang Meibo, Zeng Jing

　　Artificial Intelligence (AI) remains at an initial stage of development but has great potential in Africa. This article focuses on the application of AI in four sectors in African countries, namely agriculture, education, medical care and financing, and analyzes its positive impacts on local economic and social development. Looking ahead, China and Africa will step up cooperation on digital infrastructure, AI-enabled investment and financing, digital education and coordinated international governance to promote the sustainable socio-economic development in Africa. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 7-11.
　　

Invisible Hand of Assistance---Technology Spillover and Transfer in China’s Investment to Africa from the Human Capital Perspective

Wang Jinjie, Peng Gaogao

　　In their overseas investment, Chinese enterprises have provided technological assistance to host countries in forms of technology spillover and transfer, which becomes an invisible hand of assistance driving local technological progress and human capital growth. This mode of assistance is particularly prevalent in Africa, a continent boasting rich resources and a large population. Via technology export, personnel training, youth cultivation on community level, among other diversified means, Chinese enterprises facilitate technology transfer and human capital development, which not only helps achieve their own objectives, but also better energize Africa’s sustainable development and deepened China-Africa cooperation. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 12-15.
　　

Exploration of the Long-term Trend and Emerging Sectors of China-Africa Industrial Cooperation

Liang Yijian

　　China-Africa industrial cooperation is entering a new stage of deepened development with accelerated growth in an all-round way. China and African countries will maintain close collaboration in sectors including infrastructure, industrial parks, technical talent training and joint industrial chain building. In addition, prospects for China-Africa cooperation in such emerging sectors as green energy, new energy vehicle manufacturing, medical care and medicine, electronic information production, fertilizer industry are broad. With efforts made to strengthen policy dialogues, foster cooperation framework, facilitate infrastructural development, and improve talent exchanges and cultivation, greater potential in relevant sectors will be unleashed to boost China-Africa industrial cooperation. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 16-18.
　　

Cooperation within Sino-African Special Economic Zones and Their Development

Wang Hongjie, Du Meng, Zhao Xiaozhou, Wang Yunchuan

　　In recent years, China and Africa have jointly planned, built and operated a considerate number of special economic zones, most of which have been in the form of industrial parks. These moves have promoted the Sino-African industrial capacity cooperation and carried forward the industrialization progress across African countries. The current circumstances call for the exploration of innovative collaboration models and the development of special economic zones as crucial avenues to further enhance Sino-African cooperation. This article analyzes the cooperation within Sino-African special economic zones, looks into opportunities and challenges facing them and puts forward relevant thoughts and suggestions. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 19-23.
　　

Disclaimer: The articles in this section solely represent the personal views of the author and are not related to the positions of the Export-Import Bank of China.

Development and Experience of European Investment Bank’s Climate Investment and Financing

Wang Haojie, Liang Keda

　　In recent years, multilateral development banks have raised a large amount of green capital for climate change mitigation and adaptation, which effectively supports the sound and sustainable socio-economic development around the globe. European Investment Bank (EIB) is one of the representatives in taking this endeavor. Since the 1990s, EIB has progressively added climate financing to its list of priorities, and become the first issuer of green bonds in the international financial market. The bank took the initiative to put in place a carbon trading system, and proactively seeks cooperation with international peers to open up more channels of funding. Throughout its development, EIB continues to break new ground while upholding fundamental principles, making itself the world’s first climate bank. Experience of EIB in climate investment and financing serves as a reference for other multilateral development banks and policy-based banks. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 24-27.
　　

Empowering Going Global Endeavors through Professional Financial Services: An Analysis of Risks and Prevention Measures in Re-issuing Guarantees

Zheng Yuying, Li Meng, Xu Guannan, Sun Yang

　　The cross-border demand guarantee plays a pioneering role in facilitating international economic cooperation and trade for enterprises. With the development of Belt and Road cooperation, there has been significant growth in cross-border demand guarantees; however, it is crucial to pay attention to the associated risks. This article focuses on re-issued guarantee out of cross-border demand guarantees, examines representative cases, identifies common risks, and proposes countermeasures for different risk scenarios. The aim is to share views and suggestions for identifying and forestalling risks related to re-issued guarantees. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 28-32.
　　

Disclaimer: The articles in this section solely represent the personal views of the author and are not related to the positions of the Export-Import Bank of China.

Disputes over the Establishment of International Sale Contracts

Wang Yan

　　The article critically examines the practical legal issues surrounding international trade in goods, commencing with a real case study. It delves into the intricacies of contract formation methods, prerequisites for establishing contracts, the essence of orders and sales confirmations, as well as the resolution of conflicts arising from contradictory contractual terms presented by both buyers and sellers. Moreover, it offers pertinent recommendations on how trade enterprises can proactively mitigate legal risks associated with no formation of contracts. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 33-35.
　　

Analysis of Overseas Power Investment Projects Cost Overruns and Recommendations for Countermeasures

Yuan Li

　　Power investment is a crucial aspect of Chinese enterprises' overseas ventures. However, uncertainties during the implementation of these projects often result in cost overruns, which can significantly impact project returns, financial performance, and market competitiveness for those enterprises. This article examines recent cases of cost overruns in overseas power investments, identifies common situations and their causes, and proposes corresponding measures to help mitigate the risk of cost overruns and enhance the success probability of such projects. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 36-38.
　　

Disclaimer: The articles in this section solely represent the personal views of the author and are not related to the positions of the Export-Import Bank of China.

Motivation, Impact, and Countermeasures of Tariffs Imposed on China's New Energy Products by the European Union and the United States

Ma Yingying, Shi Xianjin

　　Recently, the imposition of high tariffs on China's new energy products by the United States and the European Union has been justified based on allegations of unfair competition and subsidies. The motivation behind these actions differs between the two regions, with the United States being primarily driven by political and industrial competition considerations, while the European Union focuses more on industry protection and economic interests. The combined effect of this "joint action" may have significant adverse consequences for China's exports of electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and other new energy products. Therefore, it is imperative to adhere to a principle that combines struggle with cooperation in order to actively respond to trade frictions. Additionally, it is crucial to prioritize self-improvement efforts aimed at minimizing such frictions. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 39-43.
　　

Situation of Cooperation for the Supply Chain and Industrial Chain of Mineral Resources between China and Latin America and Policy Recommendations

Guo Yu, Wu Fang, Wang Jian

　　The global supply and demand dynamics of mineral resources are undergoing rapid transformation, resulting in an increasingly fierce competition for these resources, particularly critical minerals. Major countries are bolstering their domestic supply security capabilities and seeking diversified international sources while expediting the establishment of mineral alliances. Latin America plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain and industrial chain of mineral resources as it serves as an important supplier and destination for mineral investments. It exhibits strong complementarity with China's mineral resource structure, laying a solid foundation for cooperation in the supply chain between the two parties. However, numerous challenges also lie ahead. Given the current circumstances, it would be highly significant for China to optimize its supply chain layout in Latin America's mineral resources sector and enhance cooperation in industrial chain division. This will help diversify China's access to mineral resources and promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s industrial chains. For details, please refer to Overseas Investment & Export Credits, Issue 4, 2024, pages 44-48.
　　

Disclaimer: The articles in this section solely represent the personal views of the author and are not related to the positions of the Export-Import Bank of China.